1、 Matter is made up of molecules and atoms. The pattern on the plastic bag will be printed on other objects due to the diffusion of molecules. The larger the color difference is, the more obvious the pattern is. The higher the temperature is, the faster the diffusion of polymers is, and it is easier to print patterns on objects. The diffusion caused by the thermal motion of material molecules is carried out by one or more substances in the same phase or different phases of static or stagnant motion, and the molecules migrate from the region with larger concentration to the smaller region until the concentration of each part in one phase is consistent or the concentration of the two phases reaches equilibrium.

二、是兩種不同類型的塑料：熱塑性塑料與熱固性塑料熱熔性塑料熱熔性塑料加熱時變軟以流動，冷卻變硬，這種過程是可逆的，可以反復進行。聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲醛，聚碳酸酪，聚酰胺、丙烯酸類塑料、其它聚烯烴及其共聚物、聚砜、聚苯醚，氯化聚醚等都是熱塑性塑料。

2、 There are two different types of Plastics: Thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics. Hot melt plastics soften and flow when heated, and harden when cooled. This process is reversible and can be repeated. Polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyformaldehyde, polycarbonate, polyamide, acrylic plastics, other polyolefins and their copolymers, polysulfone, polyphenylene ether, chlorinated polyether, etc. are all thermoplastics.

熱塑性塑料中樹脂分子鏈都是線型或帶支鏈的結構，分子鏈之間無化學鍵產(chǎn)生，加熱時軟化流動、冷卻變硬的過程是一種形態(tài)轉化的物理過程。熱固性塑料次加熱時可以軟化流動，加熱到一定溫度，產(chǎn)生化學反應，交鏈固化而變硬，這種變化是不可逆的，此后，再次加熱時，已不能再變軟流動了，這種材料稱為熱固性塑料。

In thermoplastics, resin molecular chains are linear or branched structures, and there is no chemical bond between molecular chains. The process of softening and flowing when heated and hardening when cooled is a physical process of morphological transformation. When thermosetting plastics are heated for the first time, they can soften and flow. When heated to a certain temperature, they produce chemical reaction, cross chain curing and hardening. This change is irreversible. After that, when heated again, they can no longer soften and flow. This material is called thermosetting plastics.

對于熱固性聚合物的這種交聯(lián)反應，粘度反映了它的固化程度。借助這種特性可以對熱固性塑料進行成型加工，次加熱時的塑化流動，在壓力下充滿型腔，進而固化成為確定形狀和尺寸的制品。熱固性聚合物在成型中不僅有物理狀態(tài)的變化，還有化學變化，并且是不可逆的。

For this crosslinking reaction of thermosetting polymer, the viscosity reflects its curing degree. With this feature, thermosetting plastics can be shaped and processed. The plasticizing flow during the first heating fills the mold cavity under pressure, and then solidifies into products with definite shape and size. Thermosetting polymers have not only physical state changes, but also chemical changes, and are irreversible.

熱固性聚合物在未交聯(lián)前與熱塑性聚合物相似，都是線型聚合物。但熱固性聚合物在分子鏈中帶有反應基團或反應活點，成型時分子鏈通過自帶的反應基團的作用或反應活點與交聯(lián)劑（硬化劑）的作用而發(fā)生交聯(lián)，使線型變成體型結構，不僅不能再熔觸，在溶劑中也不能溶解。

Thermosetting polymers are similar to thermoplastic polymers before crosslinking, which are linear polymers. However, thermosetting polymers have reaction groups or reaction active points in the molecular chain. When forming, the molecular chain is crosslinked through the action of its own reaction groups or reaction active points and cross-linking agents (hardeners), so that the linetype becomes a body structure, which can no longer be fused and dissolved in the solvent.

酚醛、服醛、三聚氰胺甲醛、環(huán)氧、不飽和聚酯、有機硅等塑料都是熱固性塑料。熱固性塑料可以用作隔熱、耐磨、絕緣、耐高壓電材料，如炒鍋鍋把手和高低壓電器。

Phenolic, formaldehyde, melamine formaldehyde, epoxy, unsaturated polyester, silicone and other plastics are thermosetting plastics. Thermosetting plastics can be used as heat insulation, wear resistance, insulation and high-voltage electrical materials, such as frying pan handles and high-voltage and low-voltage electrical appliances.

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